Loveringite Mineral Data

General Loveringite Information

Chemical Formula:

(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe+++,Cr,Mg)21O38

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 1,678.43 gm

Calcium 1.67 % Ca 2.34 % CaO

Cerium 2.50 % Ce 2.93 % Ce₂O₃

Magnesium 1.30 % Mg 2.16 % MgO

Zirconium 3.26 % Zr 4.40 % ZrO₂

Titanium 35.66 % Ti 59.49 % TiO₂

Aluminum 0.64 % Al 1.21 % Al₂O₃

Vanadium 0.61 % V 1.08 % V₂O₅

Chromium 6.82 % Cr 8.91 % CrO

Iron 11.31 % Fe 14.55 % FeO

Oxygen 36.22 % O

______ ______

100.00 % 97.09 % = TOTAL OXIDE

Empirical Formula:

Ca_0.7Ce_0.3Ti_12.5Fe²⁺_3.4Cr_2.2Mg_0.9Zr_0.6Al_0.4V⁵⁺_0.2O₃₈

Environment:

Late-stage mineral from residual intercumulus magma in the pyroxene, olivine-chromite, or plagioclase-rich layers of mafic intrusions.

IMA Status:

Approved IMA 1977

Locality:

Jimberlana intrusion, near Norseman, Western Australia. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

Named for John Francis Lovering (1930-), Australian geochemist, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australina, for his work on fission-track methods in geochemistry.

Name Pronunciation:

Loveringite + Pronunciation

Loveringite Image

Images:

Loveringite

Comments: Small clusters of tiny (20 microns) black metallic acicular joveringite crystals in/on phlogopite.
Location: Jimbelana Dyke, Norseman, Western Australia, Australia. Scale: Specimen Size 2.5x4 cm.
© Diederik Visser

Loveringite Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:c = 1:2.00029

Cell Dimensions:

a = 10.337, c = 20.677, Z = 3; V = 1,913.41 Den(Calc)= 4.37

Crystal System:

Trigonal - RhombohedralH-M Symbol ( 3) Space Group: R 3

$Help on X Ray Diffraction:$ X Ray Diffraction:

By Intensity(I/I_o): 2.866(1), 3.383(0.75), 2.831(0.72),

Crystal Structure:

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drag2 - RMB Resize/Rotate
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Help on Above

Gatehouse B M , Grey I E , Campbell I H , Kelly P R , American Mineralogist , 63 (1978) p.28-36, The crystal structure of loveringite - a new member of the crichtonite group

View Additional jPOWD Structure files for Loveringite
[1] [2]

Physical Properties of Loveringite

Cleavage:

None

Color:

Black.

Density:

4.41

Diaphaneity:

Opaque

Habit:

Acicular - Occurs as needle-like crystals.

Habit:

Anhedral Grains - Granular minerals without the expression of crystal shapes

Hardness:

7.5 - Garnet

Luster:

Metallic

Streak:

grayish black

Optical Properties of Loveringite

Optical Data:

Uniaxial (?).

NCalc= 2.35 - from Gladstone-Dale relationship (KC = 0.3081) where Ncalc=Dcalc*KC+1
NCalc= 2.36 - from Gladstone-Dale relationship (KC = 0.3081) where Ncalc=Dmeas*KC+1

RL Color:

White to grayish white.

Reflectivity

**Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Loveringite in Air**
λ	R	∑ R(λ)
420 nm	18.20
440 nm	17.70
460 nm	17.40
480 nm	17.00
500 nm	16.80
520 nm	16.50
540 nm	16.40
560 nm	16.40
580 nm	16.50
600 nm	16.50
620 nm	16.50
640 nm	16.50
660 nm	16.50
680 nm	16.60
700 nm	16.50

**Calculated Relative Intensity Colors of Loveringite in Air**
Relative Intensity	0%	60%	100%	120%	180%	240%	300%	360%	420%	480%	530%
R

Calculated Properties of Loveringite

Electron Density:

Bulk Density (Electron Density)=4.15 gm/cc
note: Specific Gravity of Loveringite =4.37 gm/cc.

Fermion Index:

Fermion Index = 0.06
Boson Index = 0.94

Photoelectric:

PE_Loveringite= 28.00 barns/electron
U=PE_Loveringite x r_electron= 116.08 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 2,534.46 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Concentration of Loveringite per GRapi unit = 394.56 (PPM)

**Estimated Radioactivity from Loveringite** - mild
Specimen Size Weight/Volume (Sphere) *	Calculated Activity Becquerels (Bq)	Calculated Activity Curies (Ci)	Estimated Activity GR(api)	Estimated Exposure (mRem**)/hr If Held in Hand For One Hour
1000 gm / 7.59 cm	56,099	1.52E-06	2,534.46	0.83
100 gm / 3.52 cm	5,610	1.52E-07	253.45	0.08
10 gm / 1.63 cm	561	1.52E-08	25.34	0.01
1 gm / 7.59 mm	56	1.52E-09	2.53	0.00
0.1 gm / 3.52 mm	6	1.52E-10	0.25	0.00
0.01 gm / 1.63 mm	1	1.52E-11	0.03	0.00
0.001 gm / 0.76 mm	0	1.52E-12	0.00	0.00

Weight of pure Loveringite in grams (gm) and Calculated Diameter of a Sphere with a Density of 4.37 gm/cc.*
Goverment Estimate of Average Annual Exposure ( 360 mRem) **
Note: 10 microsieverts/hr = 1 mRem/hr **
Max Permissable Adult Dose 50,000 mRem/yr (hands), 15,000 mRem/yr (eyes)
Lethal Dose LD(50) Exposure 400,000 to 500,000 mRem
Estimated Thorium Activity ( 0.13 % Th) From Sum REE Elements ( 2.50 % REE)

Loveringite Classification

Dana Class:

08.05.01.02 (08)Multiple Oxides with Nb, Ta, and Ti

(08.05)Dana Type

(08.05.01)Crichtonite group (ABC18 T2 O38)

08.05.01.01 Landauite NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.02 Loveringite (Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)21O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.03 Crichtonite (Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe,Mn)21O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.04 Senaite Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)21O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.05 Davidite-(La) (La,Ce,Ca)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe)20O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.06 Davidite-(Ce) (Ce,La)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe)20O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.07 Mathiasite (K,Ca,Sr)(Ti,Cr,Fe,Mg)21O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.08 Lindsleyite (Ba,Sr)(Ti,Cr,Fe,Mg)21O38 R 3 3

08.05.01.09 Dessauite! (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe)20O38 P 3 3

08.05.01.10 Cleusonite! Pb(U,U)(Ti,Fe,Fe)20(O,OH)38 R 3 3

08.05.01.11 Gramaccioliite-(Y)! (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18O38 R 3 3

Strunz Class:

04.CC.40 04 - OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodate

04.C - Metal:Oxygen = 2:3, 3:5, and Similar

04.CC -With large and medium-sized cations

04.CC.40 Crichtonite (Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe,Mn)21O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Dessauite! (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe)20O38 P 3 3

04.CC.40 Davidite-(Ce) (Ce,La)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe)20O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Davidite-(La) (La,Ce,Ca)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe)20O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Mathiasite (K,Ca,Sr)(Ti,Cr,Fe,Mg)21O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Lindsleyite (Ba,Sr)(Ti,Cr,Fe,Mg)21O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Landauite NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Loveringite (Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)21O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Senaite Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)21O38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Cleusonite! Pb(U,U)(Ti,Fe,Fe)20(O,OH)38 R 3 3

04.CC.40 Gramaccioliite-(Y)! (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18O38 R 3 3

Other Loveringite Information

References:

NAME( AntBidBlaNic3) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic3)

See Also:

Links to other databases for Loveringite :
1 - Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
2 - Athena
3 - EUROmin Project
4 - Ecole des Mines de Paris
5 - GeoScienceWorld
6 - Google Images
7 - Google Scholar
8 - Handbook of Mineralogy (MinSocAm)
9 - Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
10 - MinDAT
11 - Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
12 - Online Mineral Museum
13 - QUT Mineral Atlas
14 - Ruff.Info
15 - WWW-MINCRYST

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Print or Cut-and-Paste your Loveringite Specimen Label here :

Loveringite

(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe+++,Cr,Mg)21O38
Dana No: 08.05.01.02 Strunz No: 04.CC.40
Locality:

Notes: