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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
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Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
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| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 9.770(9.04) | 100 | 3.110(28.68) | 70 | 4.870(18.20) | 50 | Lavendulan | NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl•5(H2O) |
| 9.770(9.04) | 100 | 1.485(62.49) | 100 | 3.170(28.13) | 100 | Brammallite | (Na,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)] |
| 9.778(9.04) | 100 | 3.426(25.99) | 60 | 3.250(27.42) | 60 | Schieffelinite | Pb(Te++++++,S)O4•(H2O) |
| 9.778(9.04) | 100 | 3.250(27.42) | 60 | 3.426(25.99) | 60 | Schieffelinite | Pb(Te++++++,S)O4•(H2O) |
| 9.780(9.03) | 100 | 3.170(28.13) | 80 | 2.830(31.59) | 70 | Gordonite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.800(9.02) | 100 | 6.900(12.82) | 80 | 2.790(32.05) | 70 | Earlshannonite | (Mn,Fe++)Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 9.810(9.01) | 100 | 4.905(18.07) | 43 | 3.218(27.70) | 19 | Sengierite | Cu2(UO2)2V2O8•6(H2O) |
| 9.825(8.99) | 100 | 2.947(30.30) | 60 | 5.887(15.04) | 50 | Braithwaiteite | NaCu5(Ti,Sb)2O2(AsO4)4[AsO3(OH)]2•8H2O |
| 9.830(8.99) | 100 | 3.132(28.47) | 90 | 4.925(18.00) | 60 | Zdenekite | NaPbCu++5(AsO4)4Cl•5(H2O) |
| 9.830(8.99) | 100 | 3.300(27.00) | 65 | 4.960(17.87) | 40 | Koktaite | (NH4)2Ca(SO4)2•(H2O) |
| 9.849(8.97) | 100 | 4.924(18.00) | 90 | 6.892(12.83) | 80 | Kunatite | CuFe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•4H2O |
| 9.849(8.97) | 100 | 4.386(20.23) | 90 | 4.924(18.00) | 80 | Kunatite | CuFe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•4H2O |
| 9.850(8.97) | 100 | 3.490(25.50) | 90 | 4.950(17.90) | 80 | Saleeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2•10(H2O) |
| 9.860(8.96) | 100 | 9.520(9.28) | 100 | 3.790(23.45) | 80 | Chelyabinskite | (Ca,Mg)3Si(OH)6(SO4,CO3)2•9(H2O) |
| 9.860(8.96) | 100 | 6.570(13.47) | 80 | 3.200(27.86) | 80 | Ushkovite | MgFe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.860(8.96) | 100 | 3.200(27.86) | 80 | 6.570(13.47) | 80 | Ushkovite | MgFe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.890(8.93) | 100 | 6.400(13.83) | 65 | 4.930(17.98) | 30 | Paravauxite | Fe++Al2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.900(8.92) | 100 | 6.400(13.83) | 90 | 4.900(18.09) | 80 | Maghrebite | MgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2•8H2O |
| 9.900(8.92) | 100 | 2.664(33.61) | 80 | 3.126(28.53) | 60 | Ercitite | Na2(H2O)4[Mn+++2(OH)2(PO4)2] |
| 9.900(8.92) | 100 | 3.126(28.53) | 80 | 3.273(27.22) | 60 | Ercitite | Na2(H2O)4[Mn+++2(OH)2(PO4)2] |
| 9.910(8.92) | 100 | 3.280(27.16) | 90 | 4.950(17.90) | 80 | Laueite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.917(8.91) | 100 | 4.957(17.88) | 50 | 6.541(13.53) | 36 | Kastningite | (Mn++,Fe++,Mg)Al2(PO4 )2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.920(8.91) | 100 | 3.155(28.26) | 90 | 4.174(21.27) | 90 | Metavanuralite | Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)•8(H2O) |
| 9.920(8.91) | 100 | 4.174(21.27) | 90 | 3.155(28.26) | 90 | Metavanuralite | Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)•8(H2O) |
| 9.926(8.90) | 100 | 5.869(15.08) | 70 | 3.472(25.64) | 40 | Pseudolaueite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•7-8(H2O) |
| 9.960(8.87) | 100 | 4.420(20.07) | 40 | 6.370(13.89) | 40 | Matulaite | CaAl18(PO4)12(OH)20•28(H2O) |
| 9.960(8.87) | 100 | 6.370(13.89) | 40 | 4.420(20.07) | 40 | Matulaite | CaAl18(PO4)12(OH)20•28(H2O) |
| 9.970(8.86) | 40 | 3.410(26.11) | 40 | 2.520(35.60) | 40 | Montdorite | (K,Na)(Fe++,Mn++,Mg)2.5[Si4O10](F,OH)2 |
| 9.980(8.85) | 100 | 3.930(22.61) | 40 | 2.990(29.86) | 40 | Stewartite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.980(8.85) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 40 | 3.930(22.61) | 40 | Stewartite | Mn++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 9.990(8.84) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | 3.370(26.43) | 80 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3)O10F2 |
| 9.990(8.84) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | 1.320(71.40) | 80 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3)O10F2 |
| 9.990(8.84) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 80 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3)O10F2 |
| 9.998(8.84) | 100 | 2.613(34.29) | 53 | 3.382(26.33) | 33 | Phlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2 |
| 9.998(8.84) | 100 | 3.475(25.61) | 70 | 3.333(26.72) | 50 | Vochtenite | (Fe++,Mg)Fe+++[(UO2)(PO4)]4(OH)•12-13(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 3.115(28.63) | 80 | 5.390(16.43) | 50 | Hochelagaite | (Ca,Na,Sr)Nb4O11•8(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 4.540(19.54) | 80 | 3.350(26.59) | 80 | Roscoelite | K(V,Al,Mg)2AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 6.640(13.32) | 80 | 4.670(18.99) | 80 | Kornelite | Fe+++2(SO4)3•7(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 4.360(20.35) | 70 | 3.350(26.59) | 40 | Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 3.350(26.59) | 80 | 4.540(19.54) | 80 | Roscoelite | K(V,Al,Mg)2AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 12.300(7.18) | 100 | 9.300(9.50) | 80 | Sherwoodite | Ca9Al2V++++4V+++++24O80•56(H2O) |
| 10.000(8.84) | 100 | 4.670(18.99) | 80 | 6.640(13.32) | 80 | Kornelite | Fe+++2(SO4)3•7(H2O) |
| 10.010(8.83) | 100 | 3.329(26.76) | 80 | 3.160(28.22) | 70 | Norrishite | K(Mn+++2Li)Si4O10(O)2 |
| 10.049(8.79) | 100 | 2.718(32.93) | 50 | 8.823(10.02) | 50 | Varennesite | Na8Mn++2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2•12(H2O) |
| 10.049(8.79) | 100 | 8.823(10.02) | 50 | 2.718(32.93) | 50 | Varennesite | Na8Mn++2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2•12(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 7.010(12.62) | 70 | 4.980(17.80) | 70 | Whitmoreite | Fe++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 4.980(17.80) | 70 | 7.010(12.62) | 70 | Whitmoreite | Fe++Fe+++2(PO4)2(OH)2•4(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 8.450(10.46) | 40 | 4.630(19.15) | 20 | Hotsonite-VII | Al11(SO4)3(PO4)2(OH)21•16(H2O) |
| 10.050(8.79) | 100 | 8.450(10.46) | 40 | 4.630(19.15) | 20 | Hotsonite-VI | Al5(SO4)(PO4)(OH)10•8(H2O) |
| 10.060(8.78) | 100 | 3.084(28.93) | 95 | 3.125(28.54) | 86 | Phosphowalpurgite | (UO2)Bi4(PO4)O4•2(H2O) |
| 10.090(8.76) | 100 | 3.336(26.70) | 56 | 5.020(17.65) | 13 | Fluorannite | KFe++3AlSi3O10F2 |
| 10.090(8.76) | 100 | 2.646(33.85) | 96 | 3.376(26.38) | 51 | Shirozulite | KMn3(AlSi3)O10(OH,F)2 |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 4.210(21.08) | 100 | 2.010(45.07) | 60 | Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu++4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12•2(H2O) |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 2.590(34.60) | 100 | 4.530(19.58) | 80 | Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe+++,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 80 | 3.930(22.61) | 60 | Wickenburgite | Pb3CaAl2Si10O27•4(H2O) |
| 10.100(8.75) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 100 | 2.660(33.67) | 80 | Biotite | K(Mg,Fe++)3[AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 |
| 10.120(8.73) | 100 | 3.390(26.27) | 91 | 4.050(21.93) | 78 | Balipholite | BaMg2LiAl3Si4O12(OH,F)8 |
| 10.130(8.72) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 100 | 2.900(30.81) | 100 | Rudenkoite | Sr3Al3[(Si,Al)4O10](OH,O)8Cl2•H2O |
| 10.130(8.72) | 100 | 3.414(26.08) | 100 | 3.198(27.87) | 80 | Sidpietersite | Pb++4(S++++++O3S--)O2(OH)2 |
| 10.150(8.70) | 100 | 3.580(24.85) | 90 | 5.060(17.51) | 80 | Novacekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2•12(H2O) |
| 10.159(8.70) | 100 | 3.684(24.14) | 50 | 1.696(54.02) | 50 | Tetraferriannite | K(Fe++,Mg)3(Fe+++,Al)Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.159(8.70) | 100 | 1.696(54.02) | 50 | 3.684(24.14) | 50 | Tetraferriannite | K(Fe++,Mg)3(Fe+++,Al)Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 10.159(8.70) | 100 | 3.684(24.14) | 50 | 3.379(26.35) | 50 | Tetraferriannite | K(Fe++,Mg)3(Fe+++,Al)Si3O10(OH)2 |
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