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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
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| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 7.660(11.54) | 100 | 13.100(6.74) | 90 | 3.830(23.20) | 60 | Bayleyite | Mg2(UO2)(CO3)3•18(H2O) |
| 7.670(11.53) | 100 | 1.840(49.50) | 60 | 2.600(34.47) | 50 | Manasseite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16•4(H2O) |
| 7.670(11.53) | 100 | 3.107(28.71) | 77 | 2.874(31.09) | 53 | Larisaite | Na(H3O)(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2•4(H2O) |
| 7.670(11.53) | 100 | 1.839(49.53) | 100 | 2.340(38.44) | 90 | Chlormagaluminite | (Mg,Fe++)4Al2(OH)12(Cl2,CO3)•2(H2O) |
| 7.680(11.51) | 100 | 3.950(22.49) | 80 | 4.080(21.76) | 60 | Strelkinite | Na2(UO2)2V2O8•6(H2O) |
| 7.690(11.50) | 100 | 3.880(22.90) | 70 | 2.580(34.74) | 20 | Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16•4(H2O) |
| 7.690(11.50) | 100 | 9.210(9.60) | 70 | 5.740(15.42) | 60 | Pringleite | Ca9B26O34(OH)24Cl4•13(H2O) |
| 7.720(11.45) | 100 | 3.850(23.08) | 100 | 8.410(10.51) | 80 | Arsenuranylite | Ca(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4•6(H2O) |
| 7.730(11.44) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 90 | 3.118(28.61) | 90 | Hexahydroborite | Ca[B(OH)4]2•2(H2O) |
| 7.730(11.44) | 100 | 6.160(14.37) | 90 | 3.410(26.11) | 80 | Johannite | Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2•8(H2O) |
| 7.730(11.44) | 100 | 3.837(23.16) | 80 | 3.054(29.22) | 60 | Bergenite | Ca2Ba4[(UO3)2O2(PO4)2]3 (H2O)16 |
| 7.730(11.44) | 100 | 3.118(28.61) | 90 | 3.370(26.43) | 90 | Hexahydroborite | Ca[B(OH)4]2•2(H2O) |
| 7.736(11.43) | 100 | 7.824(11.30) | 100 | 2.754(32.48) | 60 | Barium-zinc-alumopharmacosiderite | (Ba,K)0.5(Zn,Cu)0.5(Al,Fe)4(AsO4)3•5(H2O) |
| 7.740(11.42) | 100 | 2.579(34.76) | 19 | 3.037(29.39) | 13 | Aristarainite | Na2MgB12O20•8(H2O) |
| 7.740(11.42) | 100 | 3.930(22.61) | 50 | 3.340(26.67) | 45 | Ardealite | Ca2(SO4)(HPO4)•4(H2O) |
| 7.760(11.39) | 100 | 8.410(10.51) | 70 | 3.900(22.78) | 60 | Calcurmolite | Ca(UO2)3(MoO4)3(OH)2•11(H2O) |
| 7.760(11.39) | 100 | 3.880(22.90) | 40 | 2.640(33.93) | 25 | Droninoite | Ni3Fe+++Cl(OH)8•2H2O |
| 7.760(11.39) | 100 | 2.332(38.58) | 60 | 3.880(22.90) | 60 | Desautelsite | Mg6Mn+++2(CO3)(OH)16•4(H2O) |
| 7.760(11.39) | 100 | 3.140(28.40) | 80 | 3.430(25.96) | 70 | Francoisite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,Ca)[(UO2)3O(OH)(PO4)2]•6(H2O) |
| 7.760(11.39) | 100 | 3.501(25.42) | 65 | 2.591(34.59) | 41 | Kamchatkite | KCu++3OCl(SO4)2 |
| 7.760(11.39) | 100 | 3.880(22.90) | 60 | 2.332(38.58) | 60 | Desautelsite | Mg6Mn+++2(CO3)(OH)16•4(H2O) |
| 7.770(11.38) | 100 | 3.890(22.84) | 80 | 2.620(34.20) | 50 | Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe+++2(CO3)(OH)16•4(H2O) |
| 7.770(11.38) | 100 | 2.739(32.67) | 60 | 4.480(19.80) | 50 | Alumopharmacosiderite | KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4•6•5(H2O) |
| 7.779(11.37) | 100 | 4.391(20.21) | 80 | 3.814(23.30) | 80 | Burnsite | KCdCu7O2(SeO3)2Cl9 |
| 7.779(11.37) | 100 | 3.814(23.30) | 80 | 4.391(20.21) | 80 | Burnsite | KCdCu7O2(SeO3)2Cl9 |
| 7.780(11.36) | 100 | 3.110(28.68) | 80 | 4.310(20.59) | 70 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3)•4(H2O) |
| 7.780(11.36) | 100 | 2.592(34.58) | 60 | 1.530(60.46) | 50 | Jamborite | (Ni++,Ni+++,Fe)(OH)2(OH,S,(H2O)) |
| 7.780(11.36) | 100 | 3.490(25.50) | 80 | 8.970(9.85) | 70 | Bulachite | Al2(AsO4)(OH)3•3(H2O) |
| 7.790(11.35) | 100 | 3.880(22.90) | 50 | 5.760(15.37) | 50 | Francoisite-(Nd) | (Nd,Y,Sm,Ce)(UO2)3(PO4)2O(OH)•6(H2O) |
| 7.790(11.35) | 100 | 5.760(15.37) | 50 | 3.880(22.90) | 50 | Francoisite-(Nd) | (Nd,Y,Sm,Ce)(UO2)3(PO4)2O(OH)•6(H2O) |
| 7.790(11.35) | 100 | 3.890(22.84) | 80 | 1.860(48.93) | 40 | Sjogrenite | Mg6Fe+++2(CO3)(OH)16•4(H2O) |
| 7.800(11.33) | 100 | 3.160(28.22) | 80 | 3.870(22.96) | 70 | Barium-alumopharmacosiderite | BaAl4(AsO4)3(OH)5•5(H2O) |
| 7.800(11.33) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 80 | 4.380(20.26) | 60 | Ferrinatrite | Na3Fe+++(SO4)3•3(H2O) |
| 7.800(11.33) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 70 | 3.870(22.96) | 60 | Mundite | Al(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)3•5(H2O) |
| 7.800(11.33) | 100 | 3.870(22.96) | 80 | 3.150(28.31) | 70 | Triangulite | Al3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5•5(H2O) |
| 7.800(11.33) | 100 | 3.910(22.72) | 90 | 2.600(34.47) | 40 | Stichtite | Mg6Cr2(CO3)(OH)16•4(H2O) |
| 7.800(11.33) | 100 | 2.730(32.78) | 80 | 3.160(28.22) | 70 | Barium-alumopharmacosiderite | BaAl4(AsO4)3(OH)5•5(H2O) |
| 7.805(11.33) | 100 | 3.031(29.44) | 70 | 3.903(22.76) | 30 | Ansermetite | MnV2O6•4(H2O) |
| 7.805(11.33) | 100 | 3.903(22.76) | 70 | 4.500(19.71) | 30 | Ansermetite | MnV2O6•4(H2O) |
| 7.810(11.32) | 100 | 2.490(36.04) | 90 | 3.570(24.92) | 60 | Apophyllite-(KF) | (K,Na)Ca4Si8O20(F,OH)•8(H2O) |
| 7.820(11.31) | 4.560(19.45) | 3.940(22.55) | Kokchetavite | KAlSi3O8 | |||
| 7.824(11.30) | 100 | 7.736(11.43) | 100 | 2.754(32.48) | 60 | Barium-zinc-alumopharmacosiderite | (Ba,K)0.5(Zn,Cu)0.5(Al,Fe)4(AsO4)3•5(H2O) |
| 7.830(11.29) | 100 | 3.070(29.06) | 70 | 3.260(27.33) | 70 | Geminite | Cu++2As+++++2O7•3(H2O) |
| 7.830(11.29) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 70 | 3.070(29.06) | 70 | Geminite | Cu++2As+++++2O7•3(H2O) |
| 7.830(11.29) | 100 | 3.900(22.78) | 90 | 3.510(25.35) | 60 | Uranophane-beta | Ca[(UO2)SiO3(OH)]2•(H2O) |
| 7.830(11.29) | 100 | 8.890(9.94) | 100 | 1.481(62.68) | 80 | Ankinovichite | (Ni,Zn)Al4(VO3)2(OH)12(H2O)2.5 |
| 7.840(11.28) | 100 | 6.020(14.70) | 100 | 3.250(27.42) | 80 | Sitinakite | Na2K(Ti,Nb)4O4(SiO4)2(O,OH)•4(H2O) |
| 7.850(11.26) | 100 | 3.201(27.85) | 80 | 2.471(36.33) | 40 | Ivanyukite-K | K2[Ti4(OH)2O2(SiO4)3]•9H2O |
| 7.851(11.26) | 100 | 3.297(27.02) | 90 | 2.685(33.34) | 80 | Munirite | NaVO3•(2-x)(H2O) |
| 7.860(11.25) | 100 | 2.560(35.02) | 80 | 1.910(47.57) | 70 | Cafetite | Ca(Fe,Al)2Ti4O12•4(H2O) |
| 7.860(11.25) | 100 | 3.930(22.61) | 60 | 2.890(30.92) | 50 | Hydrocalumite | Ca2Al(OH)6[Cl1-x(OH)x]•3(H2O) |
| 7.870(11.23) | 100 | 1.843(49.41) | 80 | 1.960(46.28) | 30 | Ivanyukite-Cu | Cu[Ti4(OH)2O2(SiO4)3]•7H2O |
| 7.870(11.23) | 100 | 3.205(27.81) | 80 | 1.843(49.41) | 30 | Ivanyukite-Cu | Cu[Ti4(OH)2O2(SiO4)3]•7H2O |
| 7.870(11.23) | 100 | 2.672(33.51) | 60 | 2.725(32.84) | 50 | Simonkolleite | Zn5(OH)8Cl2•(H2O) |
| 7.880(11.22) | 100 | 2.478(36.22) | 80 | 2.622(34.17) | 40 | Ivanyukite-Na | Na2[Ti4O2(OH)2(SiO4)3]•6H2O |
| 7.880(11.22) | 100 | 3.175(28.08) | 80 | 2.607(34.37) | 70 | IMA2007-041T | Na2[Ti4O2(OH)2(SiO4)3]•6H2O |
| 7.880(11.22) | 100 | 3.200(27.86) | 80 | 2.478(36.22) | 40 | Ivanyukite-Na | Na2[Ti4O2(OH)2(SiO4)3]•6H2O |
| 7.880(11.22) | 100 | 3.940(22.55) | 90 | 2.990(29.86) | 80 | Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2SiO3(OH)2•5(H2O) |
| 7.880(11.22) | 100 | 15.440(5.72) | 100 | 2.714(32.98) | 40 | Brianyoungite | Zn3(CO3,SO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.890(11.21) | 100 | 3.940(22.55) | 50 | 3.150(28.31) | 29 | Yingjiangite | (K2,Ca)(UO2)7(PO4)4(OH)6•6(H2O) |
| 7.896(11.20) | 100 | 3.500(25.43) | 20 | 5.586(15.85) | 15 | Paceite | CaCu(CH3COO)4•6(H2O) |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 3.930(22.61) | 70 | 5.010(17.69) | 40 | Zugshunstite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)•8(H2O) |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 3.490(25.50) | 80 | 3.380(26.35) | 70 | Rabejacite | Ca(UO2)4(SO4)2(OH)6•6(H2O) |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 70 | 3.450(25.80) | 35 | Barnesite | Na2V6O16•3(H2O) |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 3.160(28.22) | 90 | 3.830(23.20) | 70 | Koritnigite | ZnHAsO4•(H2O) |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 2.640(33.93) | 32 | 6.200(14.27) | 30 | Para-alumohydrocalcite | CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4•6(H2O) |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 5.010(17.69) | 70 | 5.360(16.53) | 40 | Zugshunstite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)•8(H2O) |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 11.900(7.42) | 80 | 3.380(26.35) | 80 | Kulkeite | Na0.35Mg8AlSi7O20(OH)10 |
| 7.900(11.19) | 100 | 3.380(26.35) | 80 | 11.900(7.42) | 80 | Kulkeite | Na0.35Mg8AlSi7O20(OH)10 |
| 7.910(11.18) | 100 | 3.960(22.43) | 60 | 3.150(28.31) | 60 | Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4•8(H2O) |
| 7.910(11.18) | 100 | 3.600(24.71) | 80 | 3.090(28.87) | 60 | Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4•(H2O) |
| 7.910(11.18) | 100 | 3.150(28.31) | 60 | 3.960(22.43) | 60 | Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4•8(H2O) |
| 7.920(11.16) | 100 | 2.755(32.47) | 80 | 2.095(43.14) | 80 | Stoiberite | Cu5V+++++2O10 |
| 7.920(11.16) | 100 | 2.095(43.14) | 80 | 2.755(32.47) | 80 | Stoiberite | Cu5V+++++2O10 |
| 7.920(11.16) | 100 | 8.690(10.17) | 80 | 10.400(8.50) | 60 | Hohmannite | Fe+++2(SO4)2(OH)2•7(H2O) |
| 7.930(11.15) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 100 | 2.700(33.15) | 100 | Clinoholmquistite | [ ](Li2Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 7.930(11.15) | 100 | 3.960(22.43) | 90 | 2.000(45.30) | 70 | Brugnatellite | Mg6Fe+++(CO3)(OH)13•4(H2O) |
| 7.930(11.15) | 100 | 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 100 | Clinoholmquistite | [ ](Li2Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 7.930(11.15) | 100 | 5.670(15.62) | 100 | 13.000(6.79) | 100 | Andersonite | Na2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3•6(H2O) |
| 7.930(11.15) | 100 | 4.390(20.21) | 80 | 3.002(29.74) | 70 | Strontiodresserite | (Sr,Ca)Al2(CO3)2(OH)4•(H2O) |
| 7.937(11.14) | 100 | 3.633(24.48) | 70 | 4.686(18.92) | 50 | Petterdite | PbCr+++2(CO3)2(OH)4•H2O |
| 7.940(11.13) | 100 | 3.140(28.40) | 70 | 3.820(23.27) | 50 | Cobaltkoritnigite | (Co,Zn)(AsO3OH)•(H2O) |
| 7.950(11.12) | 100 | 13.700(6.45) | 95 | 2.300(39.13) | 95 | Buttgenbachite | Cu19Cl4(NO3)2(OH)32•2(H2O) |
| 7.950(11.12) | 100 | 2.300(39.13) | 95 | 13.700(6.45) | 95 | Buttgenbachite | Cu19Cl4(NO3)2(OH)32•2(H2O) |
| 7.950(11.12) | 100 | 3.110(28.68) | 90 | 2.880(31.03) | 80 | Renardite | Pb(UO2)4(PO4)2(OH)4•7(H2O) |
| 7.950(11.12) | 100 | 3.972(22.36) | 80 | 3.271(27.24) | 40 | Kamitugaite | PbAl(UO2)5(PO4)2(OH)9•9.5(H2O) |
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