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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 3.642(24.42) | 100 | 6.960(12.71) | 40 | 4.489(19.76) | 30 | Veszelyite | (Cu,Zn)2ZnPO4(OH)3•2(H2O) |
| 3.644(24.41) | 100 | 3.584(24.82) | 100 | 3.161(28.21) | 100 | Friedrichite | Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 |
| 3.650(24.37) | 100 | 5.930(14.93) | 100 | 2.968(30.08) | 80 | Whewellite | Ca(C2O4)•(H2O) |
| 3.650(24.37) | 100 | 2.870(31.14) | 100 | 3.900(22.78) | 100 | Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe++)Ce2(CO3)4 |
| 3.650(24.37) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | 14.700(6.01) | 70 | Plumbotsumite | Pb5Si4O8(OH)10 |
| 3.655(24.33) | 100 | 3.481(25.57) | 80 | 2.675(33.47) | 62 | Mallestigite | Pb3Sb+++++(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6•3(H2O) |
| 3.656(24.33) | 100 | 2.739(32.67) | 60 | 4.850(18.28) | 40 | Dreyerite | BiVO4 |
| 3.656(24.33) | 100 | 2.852(31.34) | 95 | 3.567(24.94) | 81 | Emilite | Cu2.68Pb2.68Bi5.32S12 |
| 3.660(24.30) | 100 | 3.540(25.14) | 100 | 4.000(22.21) | 90 | Nuffieldite | Pb2Cu(Pb,Bi)Bi2S7 |
| 3.660(24.30) | 100 | 4.460(19.89) | 82 | 6.330(13.98) | 60 | Tsaregorodtsevite | N(CH3)4AlSi5O12 |
| 3.660(24.30) | 100 | 3.900(22.78) | 100 | 2.250(40.04) | 90 | Ice | H2O |
| 3.660(24.30) | 100 | 3.080(28.97) | 81 | 8.320(10.62) | 71 | Protoanthophyllite | (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 3.660(24.30) | 100 | 2.640(33.93) | 40 | 1.830(49.79) | 35 | Salesite | Cu(IO3)(OH) |
| 3.660(24.30) | 100 | 4.110(21.60) | 90 | 8.260(10.70) | 70 | Prewittite | KPb1.5ZnCu6O2(SeO3)2Cl10 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 3.280(27.16) | 100 | 4.800(18.47) | 100 | Davyne | Na4K2Ca2Si6Al6O24(SO4)Cl2 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 2.675(33.47) | 80 | 1.566(58.93) | 80 | Sodium-autunite | Na2(UO2)2(PO4)2•8(H2O) |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 2.675(33.47) | 80 | 1.566(58.93) | 80 | Sodium meta-autunite | Na2(UO2)2(PO4)2•6-8(H2O) |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 3.022(29.53) | 72 | 3.017(29.58) | 72 | Angelaite | Cu2AgPbBiS4 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 90 | 2.780(32.17) | 90 | Hurlbutite | CaBe2(PO4)2 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 3.040(29.36) | 100 | 2.458(36.53) | 75 | Peprossiite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)(Al3O)2/3B4O10 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 1.566(58.93) | 80 | 2.675(33.47) | 80 | Sodium meta-autunite | Na2(UO2)2(PO4)2•6-8(H2O) |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 1.566(58.93) | 80 | 2.675(33.47) | 80 | Sodium-autunite | Na2(UO2)2(PO4)2•8(H2O) |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 2.630(34.06) | 90 | 2.860(31.25) | 85 | Kalicinite | KHCO3 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 2.740(32.65) | 51 | 4.840(18.31) | 27 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | NdVO4 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 2.780(32.17) | 90 | 3.030(29.45) | 90 | Hurlbutite | CaBe2(PO4)2 |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 2.888(30.94) | 67 | 6.146(14.40) | 43 | Aheylite | (Fe++,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8•4(H2O) |
| 3.670(24.23) | 100 | 3.017(29.58) | 72 | 3.022(29.53) | 72 | Angelaite | Cu2AgPbBiS4 |
| 3.676(24.19) | 100 | 4.326(20.51) | 100 | 2.074(43.60) | 60 | Gysinite-(Nd) | Pb(Nd,La)(CO3)2(OH)•(H2O) |
| 3.678(24.18) | 100 | 2.766(32.34) | 90 | 1.891(48.08) | 70 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | (Ce+++,Pb++,Pb++++)VO4 |
| 3.680(24.16) | 100 | 2.630(34.06) | 100 | 3.800(23.39) | 90 | Loseyite | (Mn,Zn)7(CO3)2(OH)10 |
| 3.680(24.16) | 100 | 2.890(30.92) | 80 | 6.700(13.20) | 70 | Faustite | (Zn,Cu)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8•4(H2O) |
| 3.680(24.16) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 80 | 6.170(14.34) | 70 | Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8•4(H2O) |
| 3.680(24.16) | 100 | 8.050(10.98) | 90 | 6.680(13.24) | 70 | Metasideronatrite | Na2Fe+++(SO4)2(OH)•(H2O) |
| 3.680(24.16) | 100 | 8.710(10.15) | 100 | 3.480(25.58) | 80 | Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2•8(H2O) |
| 3.680(24.16) | 100 | 2.630(34.06) | 80 | 4.370(20.30) | 60 | Berthierite | FeSb2S4 |
| 3.681(24.16) | 100 | 2.921(30.58) | 100 | 2.403(37.39) | 90 | Eyselite | Fe+++Ge++++3O7(OH) |
| 3.682(24.15) | 100 | 5.350(16.56) | 90 | 3.099(28.78) | 90 | Schmitterite | (UO2)TeO3 |
| 3.682(24.15) | 100 | 3.099(28.78) | 90 | 5.350(16.56) | 90 | Schmitterite | (UO2)TeO3 |
| 3.685(24.13) | 100 | 3.170(28.13) | 95 | 1.426(65.39) | 80 | Phosphoellenbergerite | Mg14(PO4)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 3.685(24.13) | 100 | 1.426(65.39) | 95 | 1.555(59.39) | 80 | Phosphoellenbergerite | Mg14(PO4)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 3.686(24.12) | 100 | 3.609(24.65) | 49 | 2.669(33.55) | 42 | Challacolloite | KPb2Cl5 |
| 3.688(24.11) | 100 | 3.298(27.01) | 100 | 4.820(18.39) | 80 | Afghanite | (Na,Ca,K)8(Si,Al)12O24(SO4,Cl,CO3)3•(H2O) |
| 3.690(24.10) | 100 | 3.290(27.08) | 100 | 4.810(18.43) | 100 | Microsommite | (Na,Ca,K)7-8(Si,Al)12O24(Cl,SO4)2-3 |
| 3.690(24.10) | 100 | 2.676(33.46) | 100 | 7.381(11.98) | 100 | Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe+++2O5 |
| 3.690(24.10) | 100 | 2.921(30.58) | 90 | 8.300(10.65) | 90 | Godovikovite | (NH4)(Al,Fe+++)(SO4)2 |
| 3.690(24.10) | 100 | 8.300(10.65) | 90 | 2.921(30.58) | 90 | Godovikovite | (NH4)(Al,Fe+++)(SO4)2 |
| 3.691(24.09) | 100 | 2.639(33.94) | 73 | 3.587(24.80) | 70 | IMA2008-006 | [Na82.5Ca33K16.5](Si99Al99O396)(SO4)33•4H2O |
| 3.694(24.07) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 100 | 2.753(32.50) | 100 | Chladniite | Na2Ca(Mg,Fe++)7(PO4)6 |
| 3.696(24.06) | 100 | 3.971(22.37) | 83 | 2.109(42.84) | 45 | Hephaistosite | TlPb2Cl5 |
| 3.698(24.05) | 100 | 2.838(31.50) | 99 | 2.994(29.82) | 96 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 3.700(24.03) | 100 | 6.040(14.65) | 80 | 5.080(17.44) | 80 | Kolwezite | (Cu,Co)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 3.700(24.03) | 100 | 4.210(21.08) | 80 | 4.090(21.71) | 60 | Cyanochroite | K2Cu(SO4)2•6(H2O) |
| 3.700(24.03) | 100 | 5.080(17.44) | 80 | 6.040(14.65) | 80 | Kolwezite | (Cu,Co)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 3.706(23.99) | 100 | 4.064(21.85) | 95 | 4.156(21.36) | 85 | Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2•6(H2O) |
| 3.707(23.99) | 100 | 2.623(34.15) | 70 | 2.088(43.30) | 50 | Wakefieldite-(La) | LaVO4 |
| 3.707(23.99) | 100 | 2.088(43.30) | 70 | 2.309(38.97) | 50 | Wakefieldite-(La) | LaVO4 |
| 3.708(23.98) | 100 | 5.094(17.39) | 80 | 2.601(34.45) | 70 | Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 3.708(23.98) | 100 | 2.917(30.62) | 70 | 3.498(25.44) | 64 | Slawsonite | (Sr,Ca)Al2Si2O8 |
| 3.710(23.97) | 100 | 8.550(10.34) | 100 | 5.410(16.37) | 90 | Metaheinrichite | Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2•8(H2O) |
| 3.710(23.97) | 100 | 2.960(30.17) | 100 | 4.340(20.45) | 100 | Ancylite-(Ce) | SrCe(CO3)2(OH)•(H2O) |
| 3.710(23.97) | 100 | 2.970(30.06) | 80 | 3.333(26.72) | 60 | Jaskolskiite | Pb2+xCux(Sb,Bi)2-xS5, x=0.2 |
| 3.710(23.97) | 100 | 2.628(34.09) | 75 | 6.450(13.72) | 70 | Nosean | Na8Al6Si6O24(SO4) |
| 3.710(23.97) | 100 | 2.620(34.20) | 80 | 2.870(31.14) | 45 | Lazurite | Na3Ca(Al3Si3O12)S |
| 3.710(23.97) | 100 | 3.310(26.91) | 100 | 4.850(18.28) | 70 | Quadridavyne | (Na,K)6Ca2Al6Si6O24Cl4 |
| 3.711(23.96) | 100 | 3.314(26.88) | 80 | 4.842(18.31) | 40 | Tounkite | (Na,Ca,K)8Al6Si6O24(SO4)2Cl•(H2O) |
| 3.712(23.95) | 100 | 3.446(25.83) | 80 | 3.126(28.53) | 70 | Giuseppettite | [Na42K16Ca6]S64Si48Al48O192(SO4)10Cl2•5H2O |
| 3.715(23.93) | 100 | 3.315(26.87) | 75 | 4.840(18.31) | 36 | Liottite | (Ca,Na,K)8(Si,Al)12O24[(SO4),(CO3),Cl,OH]4•(H2O) |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 2.150(41.99) | 85 | 3.290(27.08) | 75 | Cadmoselite | CdSe |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.350(26.59) | 90 | 3.170(28.13) | 90 | Bellingerite | Cu++3(IO3)6•2(H2O) |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.840(23.14) | 100 | 3.410(26.11) | 40 | Liberite | Li2BeSiO4 |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.170(28.13) | 90 | 3.350(26.59) | 90 | Bellingerite | Cu++3(IO3)6•2(H2O) |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.510(25.35) | 100 | 2.920(30.59) | 100 | Neyite | AgCu3Pb12.5Bi13S34 |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.590(24.78) | 43 | 3.810(23.33) | 42 | Franzinite | [(Na,K)30Ca10][Si30Al30O120](SO4)10•2(H2O) |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.680(24.16) | 53 | 2.150(41.99) | 28 | Witherite | BaCO3 |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.313(26.89) | 90 | 3.919(22.67) | 80 | Bystrite | (Na,K)7Ca(Si6Al6)O24S4.5•(H2O) |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 3.300(27.00) | 47 | 11.070(7.98) | 19 | Biachellaite | (Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6O24)(SO4)2(OH)0.5•H2O |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 2.630(34.06) | 50 | 6.450(13.72) | 30 | Hauyne | (Na,Ca)4-8Al6Si6(O,S)24(SO4,Cl)1-2 |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 80 | 1.950(46.53) | 50 | Archerite | (K,NH4)H2PO4 |
| 3.720(23.90) | 100 | 2.742(32.63) | 75 | 3.320(26.83) | 40 | Benitoite | BaTiSi3O9 |
| 3.722(23.89) | 100 | 3.485(25.54) | 65 | 3.119(28.60) | 36 | Farneseite | (Na37K9Ca10)S56(Si42Al42)S84O168(SO4)12•6(H2O) |
| 3.723(23.88) | 100 | 3.123(28.56) | 100 | 2.641(33.91) | 80 | Magnesiochlorophoenicite | (Mg,Mn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 3.723(23.88) | 100 | 4.013(22.13) | 90 | 6.800(13.01) | 80 | Jurbanite | Al(SO4)(OH)•5(H2O) |
| 3.725(23.87) | 100 | 3.513(25.33) | 80 | 4.200(21.14) | 42 | Marinellite | [(Na,K)42Ca6](Si36Al36O144)(SO4)8Cl2•6(H2O) |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 2.296(39.20) | 85 | 3.980(22.32) | 60 | Iodargyrite | AgI |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 2.774(32.24) | 100 | 3.230(27.59) | 90 | Merrihueite | (K,Na)2(Fe++,Mg)5Si12O30 |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 2.570(34.88) | 80 | 2.850(31.36) | 70 | Dmisteinbergite | CaAl2Si2O8 |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 3.060(29.16) | 90 | 1.833(49.70) | 70 | Hugelite | Pb2(UO2)3(AsO4)2(OH)4•3(H2O) |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 3.140(28.40) | 80 | 3.310(26.91) | 60 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 3.483(25.55) | 43 | 2.648(33.82) | 30 | Sacrofanite | (Na,Ca,K)9Si6Al6O24[(OH),(SO4),(CO3),Cl)]4•n(H2O) |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 8.860(9.98) | 100 | 5.570(15.90) | 80 | Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2•8(H2O) |
| 3.730(23.84) | 100 | 1.833(49.70) | 90 | 2.890(30.92) | 70 | Hugelite | Pb2(UO2)3(AsO4)2(OH)4•3(H2O) |
| 3.731(23.83) | 100 | 3.218(27.70) | 45 | 3.025(29.50) | 40 | Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| 3.731(23.83) | 100 | 3.672(24.22) | 34 | 3.649(24.37) | 24 | Petalite | LiAlSi4O10 |
| 3.734(23.81) | 100 | 2.750(32.53) | 60 | 1.900(47.83) | 53 | Falkmanite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| 3.740(23.77) | 100 | 3.350(26.59) | 90 | 3.240(27.51) | 80 | Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| 3.740(23.77) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 90 | 2.700(33.15) | 80 | Dufrenoysite | Pb2As2S5 |
| 3.740(23.77) | 100 | 1.669(54.97) | 70 | 2.630(34.06) | 60 | Sohngeite | Ga(OH)3 |
| 3.740(23.77) | 100 | 2.290(39.31) | 90 | 1.949(46.56) | 70 | Coloradoite | HgTe |
| 3.741(23.76) | 100 | 14.973(5.90) | 90 | 2.534(35.39) | 90 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5[(As+++++,Sb+++++)O4]2(OH)14 |
| 3.741(23.76) | 100 | 2.534(35.39) | 90 | 14.973(5.90) | 90 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5[(As+++++,Sb+++++)O4]2(OH)14 |