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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 3.441(25.87) | 100 | 1.870(48.65) | 25 | 4.442(19.97) | 13 | Virgilite | LixAlxSi3-xO6 |
| 3.441(25.87) | 100 | 3.428(25.97) | 100 | 3.206(27.80) | 80 | Chervetite | Pb2V2O7 |
| 3.441(25.87) | 100 | 4.020(22.09) | 100 | 3.507(25.38) | 100 | Nalipoite | NaLi2PO4 |
| 3.441(25.87) | 100 | 3.507(25.38) | 100 | 4.020(22.09) | 100 | Nalipoite | NaLi2PO4 |
| 3.442(25.86) | 100 | 4.060(21.87) | 31 | 4.360(20.35) | 20 | Alarsite | AlAsO4 |
| 3.442(25.86) | 100 | 3.101(28.77) | 97 | 2.120(42.61) | 80 | Barite | BaSO4 |
| 3.444(25.85) | 100 | 3.505(25.39) | 52 | 2.390(37.60) | 49 | Mereiterite | K2Fe++(SO4)2•4(H2O) |
| 3.445(25.84) | 100 | 2.222(40.57) | 80 | 3.653(24.35) | 70 | Yaroslavite | Ca3Al2F10(OH)2•(H2O) |
| 3.445(25.84) | 100 | 1.867(48.73) | 100 | 1.970(46.03) | 90 | Calciborite | CaB2O4 |
| 3.445(25.84) | 100 | 4.360(20.35) | 19 | 2.362(38.07) | 14 | Rodolicoite | Fe+++PO4 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 8.880(9.95) | 80 | 6.920(12.78) | 80 | Dachiardite-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)4Al4Si20O48•13(H2O) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 2.750(32.53) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 70 | Marrite | PbAgAsS3 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 6.920(12.78) | 80 | 8.880(9.95) | 80 | Dachiardite-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)4Al4Si20O48•13(H2O) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 3.530(25.21) | 80 | 2.940(30.38) | 80 | Hyalotekite | (Ba,Pb,Ca,K)6(B,Si,Al)2(Si,Be)10O28(F,Cl) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 8.890(9.94) | 90 | 3.210(27.77) | 90 | Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16•5(H2O) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 1.828(49.84) | 40 | 1.985(45.67) | 30 | Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 4.170(21.29) | 80 | 2.920(30.59) | 80 | Launayite | Pb22Sb26S61 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 2.560(35.02) | 50 | 1.768(51.66) | 50 | Xenotime-(Y) | YPO4 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 7.100(12.46) | 93 | 3.100(28.77) | 67 | Nickelzippeite | Ni++2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10•16(H2O) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 5.560(15.93) | 83 | 11.290(7.82) | 63 | Chloromenite | Cu9O2(SeO3)4Cl6 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 1.768(51.66) | 50 | 2.560(35.02) | 50 | Xenotime-(Y) | YPO4 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 1.961(46.26) | 50 | 3.030(29.45) | 40 | Galenobismutite | PbBi2S4 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 2.800(31.94) | 40 | 1.828(49.84) | 30 | Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 2.829(31.60) | 40 | 4.100(21.66) | 30 | Benavidesite | Pb4(Mn,Fe)Sb6S14 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 2.890(30.92) | 85 | 7.250(12.20) | 85 | Vayrynenite | MnBe(PO4)(OH,F) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 2.920(30.59) | 80 | 4.170(21.29) | 80 | Launayite | Pb22Sb26S61 |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 2.940(30.38) | 80 | 3.530(25.21) | 80 | Hyalotekite | (Ba,Pb,Ca,K)6(B,Si,Al)2(Si,Be)10O28(F,Cl) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 3.070(29.06) | 40 | 3.820(23.27) | 20 | Silvialite | (Ca,Na)4Al6Si6O24(SO4,CO3) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 7.250(12.20) | 85 | 2.890(30.92) | 85 | Vayrynenite | MnBe(PO4)(OH,F) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 5.450(16.25) | 90 | 3.060(29.16) | 80 | Teineite | CuTeO3•2(H2O) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 3.210(27.77) | 90 | 8.890(9.94) | 90 | Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16•5(H2O) |
| 3.450(25.80) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 90 | 3.050(29.26) | 80 | Manaksite | KNaMn++Si4O10 |
| 3.453(25.78) | 100 | 3.193(27.92) | 100 | 3.643(24.41) | 90 | Jorgensenite | Na2(Sr,Ba)14Na2Al12F64(OH,F) |
| 3.454(25.77) | 100 | 2.592(34.58) | 70 | 2.074(43.60) | 40 | Surkhobite | KBa3Ca2Na2(Mn, Fe++,Fe+++)16Ti8(Si2O7)8O8(OH)4 (F,O,OH)8 |
| 3.456(25.76) | 100 | 2.118(42.65) | 100 | 1.804(50.55) | 60 | Cameronite | AgCu7Te10 |
| 3.457(25.75) | 100 | 4.944(17.93) | 100 | 4.732(18.74) | 80 | Metadelrioite | CaSrV2O6(OH)2•(H2O) |
| 3.457(25.75) | 100 | 2.834(31.54) | 99 | 3.607(24.66) | 57 | IMA2005-036 | Cu8Pb4Ag3Bi19S38 |
| 3.460(25.73) | 100 | 4.720(18.78) | 50 | 3.080(28.97) | 50 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe++,Zn)SO4•(H2O) |
| 3.460(25.73) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 100 | 4.200(21.14) | 90 | Bikitaite | Li2[Al2Si4O12]•2(H2O) |
| 3.460(25.73) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 70 | 3.820(23.27) | 60 | Scapolite | (Na,Ca)4[(Al,Si)12O24]Cl |
| 3.460(25.73) | 100 | 2.690(33.28) | 90 | 3.380(26.35) | 80 | Wenkite | Ba4Ca6(Si,Al)20O39(OH)2(SO4)3•n(H2O) (?) |
| 3.460(25.73) | 100 | 3.070(29.06) | 70 | 3.030(29.45) | 60 | Scapolite | (Na,Ca)4[(Al,Si)12O24]Cl |
| 3.460(25.73) | 100 | 3.080(28.97) | 50 | 4.720(18.78) | 50 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe++,Zn)SO4•(H2O) |
| 3.464(25.70) | 100 | 2.849(31.37) | 100 | 3.594(24.75) | 90 | Pavonite | (Ag,Cu)(Bi,Pb)3S5 |
| 3.464(25.70) | 100 | 3.069(29.07) | 70 | 3.824(23.24) | 60 | Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| 3.464(25.70) | 100 | 3.173(28.10) | 59 | 1.731(52.85) | 19 | Qilianshanite | NaH4(CO3)(BO3)•2(H2O) |
| 3.468(25.67) | 100 | 2.948(30.29) | 86 | 2.887(30.95) | 76 | Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(F,OH)5•2(H2O) |
| 3.468(25.67) | 100 | 1.958(46.33) | 80 | 2.763(32.38) | 25 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe++)Ti2O5 |
| 3.470(25.65) | 100 | 3.090(28.87) | 100 | 2.050(44.14) | 100 | Sulfoborite | Mg3B2(SO4)(OH)8(OH,F)2 |
| 3.470(25.65) | 100 | 3.350(26.59) | 100 | 3.020(29.55) | 95 | Celsian | BaAl2Si2O8 |
| 3.470(25.65) | 100 | 2.604(34.41) | 80 | 7.400(11.95) | 60 | Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | (Y,Yb,Er)4Al2AlSi5O18(OH)5 |
| 3.470(25.65) | 100 | 2.890(30.92) | 80 | 2.800(31.94) | 70 | Berryite | Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16 |
| 3.470(25.65) | 100 | 4.660(19.03) | 100 | 2.640(33.93) | 70 | Coffinite | U(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| 3.470(25.65) | 100 | 6.920(12.78) | 78 | 1.983(45.72) | 63 | Paraspurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 3.472(25.64) | 100 | 2.956(30.21) | 54 | 2.052(44.10) | 46 | Scainiite | Pb14Sb30S54O5 |
| 3.474(25.62) | 100 | 10.430(8.47) | 42 | 2.606(34.38) | 40 | Perraultite | (Na,Ca)2(Ba,K)2(Mn++,Fe++)8(Ti,Nb)4Si8O32(OH,F,O)6 |
| 3.477(25.60) | 100 | 5.190(17.07) | 90 | 2.800(31.94) | 50 | Horvathite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| 3.478(25.59) | 100 | 2.842(31.45) | 94 | 3.646(24.39) | 57 | Cupromakovickyite | Cu4AgPb2Bi9S18 |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 7.300(12.11) | 90 | 6.900(12.82) | 90 | Creedite | Ca3Al2(SO4)(F,OH)10•2(H2O) |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 4.560(19.45) | 70 | 3.690(24.10) | 60 | Carlhintzeite | Ca2AlF7•(H2O) |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 2.718(32.93) | 85 | 2.991(29.85) | 85 | Kogarkoite | Na3(SO4)F |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 6.900(12.82) | 90 | 7.300(12.11) | 90 | Creedite | Ca3Al2(SO4)(F,OH)10•2(H2O) |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 2.956(30.21) | 47 | 3.458(25.74) | 40 | Pillaite | Pb9Sb10S23ClO0.5 |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 2.650(33.80) | 40 | 5.800(15.26) | 30 | Monimolite | (Pb,Ca)2Sb2O7 |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 2.222(40.57) | 80 | 3.720(23.90) | 70 | Vimsite | CaB2O2(OH)4 |
| 3.480(25.58) | 100 | 2.991(29.85) | 85 | 2.718(32.93) | 85 | Kogarkoite | Na3(SO4)F |
| 3.483(25.55) | 100 | 2.231(40.40) | 90 | 2.896(30.85) | 60 | Moschelite | Hg+2I2 |
| 3.483(25.55) | 100 | 2.748(32.56) | 80 | 4.902(18.08) | 45 | Pseudobrookite | (Fe+++,Fe++)2(Ti,Fe++)O5 |
| 3.486(25.53) | 100 | 10.449(8.46) | 50 | 1.831(49.76) | 50 | Straczekite | (Ca,K,Ba)(V5+,V4+)8O20•3H2O |
| 3.486(25.53) | 100 | 1.831(49.76) | 50 | 10.449(8.46) | 50 | Straczekite | (Ca,K,Ba)(V5+,V4+)8O20•3H2O |
| 3.487(25.52) | 100 | 2.626(34.11) | 68 | 1.798(50.73) | 61 | IMA2008-035 | CeSiO4 |
| 3.488(25.52) | 100 | 2.648(33.82) | 35 | 2.109(42.84) | 22 | Rosiaite | PbSb+++++2O6 |
| 3.490(25.50) | 100 | 3.280(27.16) | 100 | 3.600(24.71) | 100 | Iranite | Pb10Cu(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(F,OH)2 |
| 3.490(25.50) | 100 | 2.680(33.41) | 90 | 2.560(35.02) | 90 | Tungstite | WO3•(H2O) |
| 3.490(25.50) | 100 | 2.863(31.22) | 100 | 2.708(33.05) | 60 | Beusite | (Mn++,Fe++,Ca,Mg)3(PO4)2 |
| 3.490(25.50) | 100 | 2.560(35.02) | 90 | 2.680(33.41) | 90 | Tungstite | WO3•(H2O) |
| 3.490(25.50) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 100 | 2.920(30.59) | 100 | Tvalchrelidzeite | Hg3SbAsS3 |
| 3.490(25.50) | 100 | 2.849(31.37) | 35 | 2.328(38.64) | 20 | Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| 3.490(25.50) | 100 | 3.220(27.68) | 80 | 1.989(45.57) | 60 | Treasurite | Ag7Pb6Bi15S32 |
| 3.493(25.48) | 100 | 2.139(42.21) | 55 | 1.824(49.96) | 30 | Marshite | CuI |
| 3.493(25.48) | 100 | 2.832(31.57) | 100 | 4.150(21.39) | 90 | Parapierrotite | Tl(Sb,As)5S8 |
| 3.495(25.46) | 100 | 3.319(26.84) | 100 | 7.120(12.42) | 100 | Rameauite | K2CaU++++++6O20•9(H2O) |
| 3.498(25.44) | 100 | 9.780(9.03) | 46 | 9.600(9.20) | 38 | Nepskoeite | Mg4Cl(OH)7•6(H2O) |
| 3.498(25.44) | 100 | 7.208(12.27) | 70 | 2.507(35.79) | 50 | Luetheite | Cu2Al2(AsO4)2(OH)4•(H2O) |
| 3.499(25.43) | 100 | 2.702(33.13) | 100 | 4.644(19.10) | 55 | Pucherite | BiVO4 |
| 3.499(25.43) | 100 | 3.135(28.45) | 40 | 4.900(18.09) | 35 | Szmikite | MnSO4•(H2O) |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 3.190(27.95) | 100 | 2.070(43.69) | 100 | Banalsite | BaNa2Al4Si4O16 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 2.490(36.04) | 90 | 2.030(44.60) | 90 | Olekminskite | Sr(Sr,Ca,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 2.030(44.60) | 90 | 2.490(36.04) | 90 | Olekminskite | Sr(Sr,Ca,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 2.340(38.44) | 50 | 2.850(31.36) | 50 | Koenenite | Na4Mg4Cl12•Mg5Al4(OH)22 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 2.800(31.94) | 100 | 1.856(49.04) | 100 | Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 10.560(8.37) | 100 | 2.780(32.17) | 80 | Nalivkinite | Li2NaFe++7Ti2Si8O24(OH)4F |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 4.760(18.63) | 85 | 4.580(19.36) | 65 | Mendozite | NaAl(SO4)2•11(H2O) |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 4.300(20.64) | 100 | 4.810(18.43) | 100 | Halotrichite | Fe++Al2(SO4)4•22(H2O) |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 4.150(21.39) | 55 | 2.670(33.54) | 40 | Lindgrenite | Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 4.810(18.43) | 100 | 4.300(20.64) | 100 | Halotrichite | Fe++Al2(SO4)4•22(H2O) |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 80 | 2.610(34.33) | 60 | Yoderite | Mg2(Al,Fe+++)6Si4O18(OH)2 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 2.800(31.94) | 70 | 2.660(33.67) | 50 | Zircophyllite | K2(Na,Ca)(Mn,Fe++)7(Zr,Nb)2Si8O26(OH)4F |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 2.773(32.26) | 90 | 2.961(30.16) | 80 | Hydroromarchite | Sn3O2(OH)2 |
| 3.500(25.43) | 100 | 2.850(31.36) | 50 | 2.340(38.44) | 50 | Koenenite | Na4Mg4Cl12•Mg5Al4(OH)22 |