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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
|
Selected X-Ray λ |
Change X-Ray λ |
D1 Å |
D2 Å |
D3 Å |
Tolerance % |
Elements |
|---|
[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 2.829(31.60) | 100 | 2.270(39.67) | 90 | 2.531(35.44) | 71 | Mineevite-(Y) | Na25Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)2(HCO3)4(CO3)11(SO4)2ClF2 |
| 2.829(31.60) | 100 | 2.836(31.52) | 80 | 2.438(36.84) | 50 | Ernstite | (Mn++1-xFe+++x)Al(PO4)(OH)2-xOx |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 3.110(28.68) | 100 | 2.540(35.31) | 90 | Minasgeraisite-(Y) | CaY2Be2Si2O10 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 3.130(28.49) | 100 | 2.560(35.02) | 90 | Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe++Be2Si2O10 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 3.180(28.04) | 90 | 6.610(13.38) | 90 | Afwillite | Ca3Si2O4(OH)6 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 90 | 1.998(45.35) | 80 | Cuboargyrite | AgSbS |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 3.480(25.58) | 80 | 2.980(29.96) | 70 | Freieslebenite | AgPbSbS3 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.700(33.15) | 100 | 3.060(29.16) | 100 | Saneroite | Na2(Mn++,Fe+++)10Si11V+++++O34(OH)4 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 1.693(54.13) | 60 | 2.990(29.86) | 50 | Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)(Na,Pb)Mn++(Mn++,Mg,Fe++)2(AsO4)3 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 6.610(13.38) | 90 | 3.180(28.04) | 90 | Afwillite | Ca3Si2O4(OH)6 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 3.060(29.16) | 70 | 2.120(42.61) | 60 | Sinjarite | CaCl2•2(H2O) |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 100 | 2.140(42.19) | 50 | Tristramite | (Ca,U++++,Fe+++)(PO4,SO4)•2(H2O) |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.853(31.33) | 63 | 2.565(34.95) | 55 | Ternesite | Ca5(SiO4)2SO4 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 1.710(53.55) | 80 | 1.090(89.93) | 60 | Vaesite | NiS2 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 1.670(54.94) | 80 | 2.360(38.10) | 70 | Linnaeite | Co++Co+++2S4 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 1.778(51.35) | 90 | 1.840(49.50) | 80 | Lomonosovite | Na5Ti2O2(Si2O7)(PO4) |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.110(42.82) | 90 | 1.780(51.28) | 80 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe+++)6Ti12O38 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.420(37.12) | 90 | 2.920(30.59) | 80 | Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe+++)Si2O6 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.680(33.41) | 60 | 1.693(54.13) | 50 | Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)(Na,Pb)Mn++(Mn++,Mg,Fe++)2(AsO4)3 |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.750(32.53) | 80 | 3.150(28.31) | 70 | Cafarsite | Ca8(Ti,Fe++,Fe+++,Mn)6-7(As+++O3)12•4(H2O) |
| 2.830(31.59) | 100 | 2.845(31.42) | 30 | 2.009(45.09) | 28 | Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 |
| 2.831(31.58) | 100 | 2.767(32.33) | 100 | 4.620(19.20) | 90 | Clearcreekite | Hg+3(CO3)(OH)•2(H2O) |
| 2.831(31.58) | 1.631(56.36) | 2.000(45.30) | Hapkeite | Fe2Si | |||
| 2.831(31.58) | 1.631(56.36) | 1.415(65.96) | Hapkeite | Fe2Si | |||
| 2.831(31.58) | 2.000(45.30) | 1.631(56.36) | Hapkeite | Fe2Si | |||
| 2.831(31.58) | 100 | 2.501(35.88) | 70 | 2.566(34.94) | 50 | Fayalite | Fe++2SiO4 |
| 2.831(31.58) | 100 | 3.048(29.28) | 70 | 3.910(22.72) | 60 | Skinnerite | Cu3SbS3 |
| 2.832(31.57) | 100 | 3.242(27.49) | 42 | 2.615(34.26) | 35 | Jasmundite | Ca11(SiO4)4O2S |
| 2.832(31.57) | 100 | 9.400(9.40) | 80 | 5.290(16.75) | 60 | Overite | CaMgAl(PO4)2(OH)•4(H2O) |
| 2.832(31.57) | 100 | 3.493(25.48) | 100 | 4.150(21.39) | 90 | Parapierrotite | Tl(Sb,As)5S8 |
| 2.833(31.55) | 100 | 2.773(32.26) | 80 | 4.870(18.20) | 70 | Laphamite | As2(Se,S)3 |
| 2.833(31.55) | 100 | 1.972(45.98) | 30 | 2.888(30.94) | 20 | Huntite | CaMg3(CO3)4 |
| 2.833(31.55) | 100 | 4.804(18.45) | 86 | 2.807(31.85) | 82 | Hennomartinite | SrMn+++2Si2O7(OH)2•(H2O) |
| 2.836(31.52) | 100 | 4.013(22.13) | 35 | 2.006(45.16) | 29 | Lakargiite | CaZrO3 |
| 2.836(31.52) | 100 | 3.480(25.58) | 80 | 2.809(31.83) | 80 | Britholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca,Th,La,Nd)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F) |
| 2.836(31.52) | 100 | 2.809(31.83) | 80 | 3.480(25.58) | 80 | Britholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca,Th,La,Nd)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F) |
| 2.837(31.51) | 100 | 2.572(34.85) | 80 | 1.701(53.85) | 80 | Whitlockite | Ca9(Mg,Fe++)(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 2.837(31.51) | 100 | 1.701(53.85) | 80 | 2.572(34.85) | 80 | Whitlockite | Ca9(Mg,Fe++)(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 2.837(31.51) | 100 | 2.695(33.22) | 80 | 3.940(22.55) | 60 | Pinchite | Hg++5O4Cl2 |
| 2.837(31.51) | 100 | 11.600(7.61) | 93 | 3.870(22.96) | 75 | Tvedalite | (Ca,Mn++)4Be3Si6O17(OH)4•3(H2O) |
| 2.838(31.50) | 100 | 3.582(24.84) | 80 | 2.583(34.70) | 80 | Holdenite | (Mn,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 |
| 2.838(31.50) | 100 | 2.740(32.65) | 53 | 2.814(31.77) | 48 | Fluorcaphite | (Ca,Sr,Ce,Na)5(PO4)3F |
| 2.838(31.50) | 100 | 2.583(34.70) | 80 | 3.582(24.84) | 80 | Holdenite | (Mn,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 |
| 2.839(31.49) | 100 | 3.150(28.31) | 90 | 3.015(29.60) | 80 | Grischunite | NaCa2Mn++5Fe+++(AsO4)6•2(H2O) |
| 2.839(31.49) | 100 | 2.833(31.55) | 90 | 2.782(32.15) | 90 | Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn++,Fe++)3(Ti++++,Zr,Nb)2Si4O15(OH,F,O)3 |
| 2.839(31.49) | 100 | 2.774(32.24) | 100 | 3.964(22.41) | 60 | Bario-olgite | Na(Ba,Sr,Na,REE)PO4 |
| 2.839(31.49) | 100 | 2.782(32.15) | 90 | 2.833(31.55) | 90 | Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn++,Fe++)3(Ti++++,Zr,Nb)2Si4O15(OH,F,O)3 |
| 2.839(31.49) | 100 | 2.961(30.16) | 91 | 11.385(7.76) | 43 | Kentbrooksite | (Na,REE)15(Ca,REE)6Mn++Zr3NbSi25O74F2•2(H2O) |
| 2.839(31.49) | 100 | 4.368(20.31) | 70 | 6.103(14.50) | 40 | Donnayite-(Y) | Sr3NaCaY(CO3)6•3(H2O) |
| 2.839(31.49) | 100 | 2.998(29.78) | 70 | 3.250(27.42) | 60 | Wohlerite | NaCa2(Zr,Nb)Si2O7(O,OH,F)2 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 90 | 1.440(64.68) | 90 | 1.690(54.23) | 85 | Romanite | (Fe++,U,Pb)2(Ti,Fe+++)O4 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 1.850(49.21) | 60 | 2.800(31.94) | 50 | Ellestadite-(OH) | Ca5(SiO4,SO4)3(OH,Cl,F) |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.730(32.78) | 100 | 3.280(27.16) | 100 | Semenovite | (Na,Ca)9(Ce,La)2(Fe++,Mn)(Si,Be)20(O,OH,F)48 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | 3.110(28.68) | 80 | Hingganite-(Y) | Y2([ ])Be2Si2O8(OH)2 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 40 | 2.753(32.50) | 40 | Deloneite-(Ce) | NaCa2SrCe(PO4)3F |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 3.660(24.30) | 35 | 1.763(51.81) | 35 | Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.100(43.04) | 70 | 1.560(59.18) | 70 | Imgreite | NiTe |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.140(42.19) | 80 | 1.750(52.23) | 80 | Beyerite | (Ca,Pb)Bi2(CO3)2O2 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.980(29.96) | 85 | 3.230(27.59) | 80 | Baghdadite | Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 100 | 2.840(31.47) | 85 | Calcybeborosilite-(Y) | (REE,Ca)2[ ](B,Be)2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 3.650(24.37) | 90 | 2.280(39.49) | 70 | Beryllonite | NaBePO4 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 4.040(21.98) | 100 | 5.710(15.51) | 80 | IMA2007-047 | Pb2[B5O9]Cl•0.5H2O |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.753(32.50) | 40 | 3.120(28.59) | 40 | Deloneite-(Ce) | NaCa2SrCe(PO4)3F |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.740(32.65) | 90 | 1.852(49.15) | 80 | Ellestadite-(F) | Ca5(SiO4,PO4,SO4)3(F,OH,Cl) |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 3.110(28.68) | 80 | 3.120(28.59) | 80 | Hingganite-(Y) | Y2([ ])Be2Si2O8(OH)2 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.740(32.65) | 60 | 1.850(49.21) | 50 | Ellestadite-(OH) | Ca5(SiO4,SO4)3(OH,Cl,F) |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 1.750(52.23) | 80 | 2.140(42.19) | 80 | Beyerite | (Ca,Pb)Bi2(CO3)2O2 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 2.700(33.15) | 40 | 3.660(24.30) | 35 | Heliophyllite | Pb6As2O7Cl4 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 1.763(51.81) | 35 | 3.660(24.30) | 35 | Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 2.840(31.47) | 100 | 1.560(59.18) | 70 | 2.100(43.04) | 70 | Imgreite | NiTe |
| 2.841(31.46) | 100 | 2.963(30.14) | 92 | 4.300(20.64) | 91 | Ikranite | (Na,H3O)15(Ca,Mn,REE)6Fe+++2Zr3([ ],Zr)([ ],Si)Si24O66(O,OH)6Cl•2-3H2O |
| 2.842(31.45) | 100 | 3.118(28.61) | 90 | 2.594(34.55) | 50 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 2.842(31.45) | 100 | 3.773(23.56) | 94 | 2.664(33.61) | 70 | Carmichaelite | (Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x],x~0.5 |
| 2.842(31.45) | 100 | 2.763(32.38) | 100 | 1.982(45.74) | 63 | Olgite | Na(Sr,Ba)PO4 |
| 2.843(31.44) | 100 | 1.603(57.44) | 90 | 2.728(32.80) | 80 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 |
| 2.845(31.42) | 100 | 1.870(48.65) | 40 | 2.822(31.68) | 40 | Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ca,Ce,La,Na)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F) |
| 2.845(31.42) | 100 | 2.822(31.68) | 40 | 1.870(48.65) | 40 | Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ca,Ce,La,Na)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F) |
| 2.846(31.41) | 100 | 2.013(45.00) | 70 | 1.644(55.88) | 21 | Oldhamite | (Ca,Mg,Fe)S |
| 2.846(31.41) | 100 | 3.089(28.88) | 86 | 2.634(34.01) | 84 | Ciprianiite | Ca4[(Th,U)(REE)]2(Al,[ ])2[Si4B4O22](OH,F)2 |
| 2.847(31.40) | 100 | 4.140(21.45) | 100 | 7.140(12.39) | 100 | Silinaite | NaLiSi2O5•2(H2O) |
| 2.847(31.40) | 100 | 7.140(12.39) | 100 | 4.140(21.45) | 100 | Silinaite | NaLiSi2O5•2(H2O) |
| 2.848(31.38) | 100 | 2.971(30.05) | 78 | 4.300(20.64) | 53 | Golyshevite | (Na,Ca)10Ca9(Fe+++,Fe++)2Zr3NbSi25O72(CO3)(OH)3•H2O |
| 2.849(31.37) | 100 | 3.100(28.77) | 50 | 3.071(29.05) | 50 | Foordite | Sn++(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 2.849(31.37) | 100 | 3.464(25.70) | 100 | 3.594(24.75) | 90 | Pavonite | (Ag,Cu)(Bi,Pb)3S5 |
| 2.849(31.37) | 100 | 3.071(29.05) | 50 | 3.100(28.77) | 50 | Foordite | Sn++(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 2.849(31.37) | 100 | 2.970(30.06) | 83 | 3.204(27.82) | 38 | Carbokentbrooksite | (Na,[ ])12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH)3(CO3)•H2O |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 3.850(23.08) | 80 | 5.970(14.83) | 60 | Wadeite | K2ZrSi3O9 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 2.030(44.60) | 100 | 3.540(25.14) | 80 | Thorbastnasite | Th(Ca,Ce)(CO3)2F2•3(H2O) |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 1.750(52.23) | 100 | 2.430(36.96) | 70 | Gehlenite | Ca2Al(AlSi)O7 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 2.020(44.83) | 100 | 3.040(29.36) | 100 | Marianoite | Na2Ca4(Nb,Zr)2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 1.674(54.79) | 80 | 1.820(50.08) | 60 | Violarite | Fe++Ni+++2S4 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 5.890(15.03) | 85 | 2.870(31.14) | 80 | Natrolite | Na2[Al2Si3O10]•2(H2O) |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 3.485(25.54) | 50 | 3.630(24.50) | 50 | Makovickyite | Ag1.5Bi5.5S9 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 3.150(28.31) | 70 | 2.780(32.17) | 60 | Fluorcalciobritholite | (Ca,REE)5[(Si,P)O4]3F |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 3.130(28.49) | 86 | 2.560(35.02) | 46 | Hingganite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)2([ ],Fe)Be2Si2O8[(OH),O]2 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 3.080(28.97) | 80 | 4.550(19.49) | 40 | Wittichenite | Cu3BiS3 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 2.840(31.47) | 80 | 3.090(28.87) | 50 | Balyakinite | CuTeO3 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 2.720(32.90) | 80 | 3.660(24.30) | 80 | Ecdemite | Pb6As+++2O7Cl4 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 1.510(61.34) | 90 | 2.190(41.19) | 90 | Barytolamprophyllite | Ba2Na3(Fe+++,Ti)3(Si2O7)2(O,OH,F)4 |
| 2.850(31.36) | 100 | 3.130(28.49) | 100 | 2.572(34.85) | 80 | Hingganite-(Yb) | (Yb,Y)2([ ])Be2Si2O8(OH)2 |
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